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Francophones in Ontario — Statistical Profile: General ProfileTABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTIONThe Office of Francophone Affairs has prepared updates of the statistical profiles of Ontario Francophones using Statistics Canada data from the 2001 Census. Similar profiles were published in 1999 based on the findings of the 1996 Census. This profile gives a statistical overview of the Francophone population of Ontario. Four other profiles dealing with Francophone Women in Ontario, Francophone Youth in Ontario, Francophone Seniors in Ontario and Francophone Racial Minorities in Ontario are also available. They provide a closer examination of data related to specific segments of the Francophone population of Ontario. The changes in the statistical data on Francophones from 1996 to 2001 are in line with expectations and consistent with existing demographic projections. Highlights:
METHODOLOGYThis profile of Ontario Francophones is based on the findings of Statistics Canada's 2001 Census, augmented occasionally with data from the 1996 Census. The Office of Francophone Affairs defines Francophones on the basis of their response to the question concerning mother tongue: What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands? For the purpose of this profile, the term "Francophones" designates those who gave French as their sole mother tongue or as one of their mother tongues (single or multiple response). The study considers a number of variables, including demographic characteristics, rate of assimilation, education, labour force participation and income. With the exception of some annotated demographic data, most statistics relate to persons aged15 and over. Two different forms were used in the 2001 Census. The short 2A form was distributed to 100% of the population and included a question on mother tongue. The longer 2B form was distributed to 20% of the population and contained more comprehensive questions, including questions for those 15 years and over regarding education, income, occupation, etc. Unless otherwise specified, most of the data in this profile are from the form 2B. To highlight the situation of Francophones, they were compared to the general population of Ontario. The differences identified in this update have not been tested statistically and are considered indicators of possible trends. DEMOGRAPHYREGIONAL REPRESENTATION AND DISTRIBUTIONThe Census data show that between 1996 and 2001, Ontario's Francophone population grew by 6,600 individuals. The number of Francophones increased in Eastern and Central Ontario and decreased in the other regions of Ontario. The total number of Francophones living in Ontario is 548,940, i.e. 4.8% of the total population of the province. The percentage of Francophones is higher in Northeastern (25.1%) and Eastern Ontario (14.7%). In the other regions of the province, Francophones represent less than 5% of the total population. Of Ontario's Francophones, 41.3% live in Eastern Ontario and 25.2% in Northeastern Ontario. Six per cent of Ontario's Francophones live in Southwestern Ontario and less than 2% in Northwestern Ontario. Although Francophones only account for 1.8% of the total population of Central Ontario, this region is home to 25.6% of the province's Francophone population. Central Ontario is also home to two thirds of the total population of Ontario. Between 1996 and 2001, the percentage of Francophones increased in Central and Eastern Ontario but decreased in the other regions. The percentage of Francophones rose from 23.4% to 25.6% in Central Ontario, and from 40.8% to 41.3% in Eastern Ontario. In Northeastern Ontario, the percentage of Francophones fell from 27.5% to 25.2% during this period. AGE GROUPSThe Francophone population is older than the general population. Francophones areunderrepresented in the age group 0 to 34 years, and overrepresented in the other age groups, i.e. 35 to 65 years and over. The percentage of Francophones 65 years and over is highest in Southwestern Ontario (22.3% compared to 14.3% for the general population). The percentage of Francophones in the age group 45 to 64 years is also high in Southwestern and Northwestern Ontario, which are home to close to one third of Francophones in this age group, compared to one quarter for the general population. The percentage of Francophones in the age group 65 years and over increased from 13.6% in 1996 to 14.5% in 2001, while in the general population it increased from 12.4% to 12.9%. MOBILITY AND IMMIGRATIONBetween the 1996 and 2001Censuses, 40,480 Francophones moved to Ontario – 32,725 came from other Canadian provinces and 7,760 from other countries. During this period, three in five Francophone newcomers came from Quebec and one in five from another country. Over one third of Francophones from Quebec 20 years of age and over settled in the Ottawa region (36.6%) and close to 15% settled in the Toronto area. Over half (55.2%) of Francophones from other countries moved to Central Ontario and 35.9% to Eastern Ontario. Ottawa and Toronto are hence the major host communities for these newcomers. The number of Francophones who moved to Ontario between 1996 and 2001 is higher than the number who moved here between 1991 and 1996 (40,480 compared to 27,765), and comparable to the number who moved here between 1986 and 1991 (i.e. 40,665). After declining between 1991 and 1996, the number of Francophones from other provinces also increased between 1996 and 2001. The percentage of Francophone immigrants is highest in Central Ontario (16%) and lowest in Northeastern Ontario (0.6%). This pattern is also noted in the general population. The percentage of immigrants who obtained immigrant status prior to 1986 is higher among Francophones than for the general population (56.1% compared to 53.9%). The percentage of Francophone immigrants who obtained immigrant status prior to 1986 is higher in Northeastern and Northwestern Ontario. However, recent immigration is higher in Central, Eastern and Southwestern Ontario, where a higher percentage of immigrants obtained their immigrant status between 1996 and 2001. RACIAL MINORITIESBetween 1996 and 2001, the number of Francophones who belong to a racial minority increased from 41,235 to 58,5201. During this period, the percentage of Francophones who belong to a racial minority increased in every region of the province. Like racial minorities in the general population, Francophones from racial minorities are heavily concentrated in the Toronto and Ottawa regions. They represent 33.2% of the Francophone population of Toronto, 26.4% of the Francophone population of York, 29% of the Francophone population of Peel, and 14.1% of the Francophone population of Ottawa. They also represent 15.6% of the Francophone population of Hamilton.
PLACE OF BIRTHTwo out of three Francophones were born in Ontario. The highest percentage of Francophones born in Ontario is found in Northeastern Ontario (83.5%) and the lowest percentage in Central Ontario (42.2%). Close to one third of Francophones in Central Ontario (30.7%) and Northwestern Ontario (29.1%) are from Quebec. Only 6.8% of Francophones were born in another country, compared to 27.9% of Ontarians. Central Ontario has the highest percentage of foreignborn Francophones, while Northeastern Ontario has the lowest percentage. Close to three in four Francophones who belong to a racial minority were born in another country (74.3%). Of these, 31.5% were born in Africa and 30.5% in Asia (see definition in technical information). LANGUAGE RETENTIONLANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOMEThe rate of retention of the mother tongue is determined on the basis of the language spoken at home for persons whose mother tongue is French. In Ontario as a whole, 56.5% of Francophones report that French is the language spoken most often at home. Retention rate is higher in Eastern Ontario (69.8%) and Northeastern Ontario (66.5%), the two regions with the highest concentration of Francophones. It is noticeably lower in Southwestern (26.9%) and Central Ontario (33%). Between 1996 and 2001, the percentage of Francophones who spoke French at home decreased in every region of the province, with the sharpest decreases recorded in Northeastern and Southwestern Ontario. When French is the mother tongue of both parents, most children keep their mother tongue (91.7%). The language retention rate was 92.2% in 1996. Francophone mothers play a key role in the preservation of the French language. When only the mother has French as her mother tongue, 34.2% of children retain French as their mother tongue. This percentage was 31.6% in 1996. When only the father has French as his mother tongue, 14.6% of the children retain French as their mother tongue (14.1% in 1996). Among families with children in which at least one of the partners is Francophone, 35.2% are families in which both spouses are Francophone. This percentage was 39.4% in 1996 and 45.7% in 1991. We note an increase in the number of exogamous unions, which is one of the causes of the decrease in retention of the French language. The percentage of families in which both partners are Francophones varies from region to region. It is highest in Northeastern Ontario (48.8%) and lowest in Southwestern and Central Ontario (17.8% and 18.5% respectively). LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT WORKIn 2001, Statistics Canada added a new question to the long form on the language spoken in the workplace. The purpose of this variable is to determine the language used at work within the active population 15 years of age and over. One Francophone in three reported using French most often at work. This percentage varies from region to region, with the highest proportions found in Eastern and Northeastern Ontario (45.1% and 40.2% respectively) and the lowest in Central and Southwestern Ontario (15.8% and 13.1% respectively). More than two Francophones in three (67.4%) reported using their mother tongue at work (French spoken most often or regularly). This percentage varies from region to region. It is 83.3% in Eastern Ontario and 30.9% in Southwestern Ontario. Francophone women are more likely to speak French at work than Francophone men (71.3% compared to 63.8%). This is true for every region of the province. BILINGUALISMThe rate of bilingualism is measured according to knowledge of the official languages, i.e. the ability to carry on a conversation in English and French. Close to nine out of 10 Francophones in Ontario (88.4%) reported that they were bilingual, compared to 11.7% of the general population. EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONIn Ontario, Francophones tend to have a slightly lower level of education than the general population. Less than Grade 9The percentage of Francophones who have less than a Grade 9 education is 11.9%, compared to 8.1% of the general population. This is true for all of the regions. The highest percentage of Francophones with less than a Grade 9 education is found in Northwestern Ontario (18.2%) and the lowest in Eastern and Central Ontario (9.5%). Less than a Grade 9 education is a factor used in the analysis of illiteracy in the population. High school diplomaThe percentage of Francophones with a high school diploma is lower than in the general population (67% compared to 70.3%). This percentage is lower in every region except Central Ontario where 72.7% of Francophones have a high school diploma compared to 71% of the general population. The gap between Francophones and the general population is widest in Northwestern (54.6% compared to 63.1%) and Southwestern Ontario (61.1% compared to 67.6%). Postsecondary educationAmong high-school graduates, the percentage of Francophones who have a postsecondary education is lower than in the general population (77.9% compared to 79.5%). The gap is widest in Eastern Ontario (76.6% compared to 80.6%). Central Ontario is the only region where the trend is reversed: Francophones are more likely to pursue a postsecondary education than the general population (82.1% compared to 80.1%). Among Ontarians with a postsecondary education, Francophones have a lower rate of university education than the general population (45% compared to 49%). This is particularly true of Northwestern (28.2% compared to 37.4%) and Northeastern Ontario (28.8% compared to 33.7%). In Central and Southwestern Ontario, the rate of university education of Francophones with postsecondary education is similar to that of their counterparts in the general population. In Ontario the percentage of individuals who have an undergraduate or a graduate degree is 14.7% for Francophones and 17.5% for the general population. Francophones who have an undergraduate or a graduate degree from a university are underrepresented in every region except Central Ontario, where 19.3% of Francophones have a university degree, compared to 18.9% of the general population. From 1996 to 2001, the percentage of Francophones with an undergraduate degree increased in every region of the province; the largest increases were in Central (from 16.5% to 19.3%) and Eastern Ontario (from 14.9% to 17.6%). Of those who attended a university, the graduation rate is slightly lower among Francophones than in the general population (62.5% compared to 64%) and this is true for all of the regions. Graduate StudiesAmong Francophones with an undergraduate degree, the percentage who pursued graduate studies increased between 1996 and 2001 in every region of the province. The most important increase was found in Northwestern Ontario, where the percentage increased from 33% to 35.8%. In the general population, the percentage increased during this period in every region except Northwestern Ontario, where it decreased from 34.2% to 32.1%. Among individuals with an undergraduate degree, Francophones were more likely than the general population to pursue a graduate degree (37.3% compared to 33.7%), especially in Southwestern Ontario (40.5% compared to 34.6%). FIELD OF STUDYPostsecondary diploma, certificate or degreeFrancophones stand out from the general population in the field of Education, with 12.3% of those holding a postsecondary diploma or degree having Education as their specialty, compared to 9.4% for the general population. Francophones with a postsecondary education are also overrepresented in trades and technologies in the field of Applied Sciences (22.4% compared to 20% for the general population). They are underrepresented, on the other hand, compared to the general population, in the fields of Mathematics, Computer Science and the Physical Sciences (3% compared to 4.4%) and in Engineering and the Applied Sciences (3.2% compared to 5.7%). From 1996 to 2001, the percentage of Francophones with a postsecondary diploma or degree whose main field of study was the Social Sciences increased from 10% to 11%. This trend was also noted between 1991 and 1996 (8.9% to10%), leading to a reduction in the gap between Francophones and the general population. University degreeThe gap between Francophones and the general population widens when we consider the fields of study of individuals who have a university degree. In addition to being clearly overrepresented in Education (22.4% compared to 13.7%), Francophone university graduates are also overrepresented in the Humanities and related fields (15% versus 12.9%). In other fields of study, Francophones with a university degree are underrepresented; this is particularly true in Engineering and the Applied Sciences, Mathematics, Computer Science, and the Physical Sciences. LABOUR MARKETLABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATIONThe rate of labour force participation is the percentage of the total active population, or the population that is employed or looking for work, compared to the population aged 15 and over. Francophone labour force participation is lower than that of the general population (59.2% compared to 61.5% for women, and 70.7% compared to 73.4% for men). Francophone labour force participation is markedly lower than that of the general population in Southwestern Ontario (56.8% compared to 66.7%), while it is higher in Central Ontario (69.3% compared to 68.1%). Francophone labour force participation increased between 1996 and 2001 for both men and women, as it did in the general population. UNEMPLOYMENT RATEThe unemployment rate is the percentage of the active population that is unemployed compared to the total active population. The unemployment rate for Francophone men is higher than for Francophone women. The reverse is true for the general population, where the unemployment rate for women is higher than for men. Francophone men also have a higher unemployment rate than men in the general population (6.5% compared to 5.8%). On the other hand, the unemployment rate for Francophone women is lower than that of women in the general population (5.7% compared to 6.5%). At the regional level, the unemployment rate of Francophones is higher in Northern Ontario (Northeastern Ontario 9.3%; Northwestern Ontario 9%) than in the other regions (Central Ontario 5.7%; Eastern Ontario 4.7%; Southwestern Ontario 4.9%). The unemployment rate for the general population follows the same trend. From 1996 to 2001, the unemployment rates for both Francophone men and women fell: from 9.2% to 5.7% for women and from 9.6% to 6.5% for men. During this period there was a significant decrease in the unemployment rate of the general population as well: from 9.6% to 6.5% for women and from 8.7% to 5.8% for men. OCCUPATIONSIn general, Francophones are concentrated in the same occupational categories as the general population, with some differences. Francophone men and women are underrepresented in occupations in sales and services, processing, manufacturing and utilities. They are overrepresented in the field of education. Francophone men are underrepresented in professional and related occupations in the natural and applied sciences (5% compared to 6.1%) and in the assemblers category (manufacturing) (1.9% compared to 3.3%). They are overrepresented in occupations in forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing (1.9% compared to 0.4%). Francophone women are underrepresented in the salesperson and salesclerk category (3.6% compared to 5.1%), while they are overrepresented in the secretary (5.6% compared to 4.1%), clerical and support staff (15.8% compared to 14.7%) and teacher/professor (7.8% compared to 5.1%) categories. There is a higher proportion of Francophone men in the skilled trades, and in the transport, equipment operation, installation and maintenance category in every region except Eastern and Central Ontario. In Northwestern Ontario, Francophone men are significantly overrepresented in occupations related to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing. In Eastern Ontario, they are underrepresented in occupations related to the natural and applied sciences. Francophone women are underrepresented in the health sector in every region. They are overrepresented in occupations in the social sciences, education, government services and religion in every region. In Eastern Ontario, Francophone women are overrepresented in the sector of business, finance and administration. In Northwestern Ontario, they are overrepresented in sales and services, while being underrepresented in these fields in Eastern and Central Ontario. INCOMEEMPLOYMENT INCOMEIncome levelsFrancophones tend to be underrepresented in income levels below $30,000 and overrepresented in income levels from $30,000 to $70,000. They are slightly underrepresented in the $70,000 and over category (9.4% compared to 9.6%). The median income is the income level at which half of the individuals are above and half of the individuals are below. The median employment income for Francophones is higher than the median income for the total population ($30,054 compared to $28,027). Average incomeFrancophones' average employment income is higher than that of the general population ($35,796 compared to $35,185). The widest gap is found in Central Ontario, where the average employment income of Francophones is $40,876 compared to $36,420 for the general population. The wage gap between men and women is smaller for Francophones than for the general population. The average employment income of Francophone women represents 67.5% of the average employment income of Francophone men ($28,731 compared to $42,593). The average employment income of women in Ontario represents 63% of the average employment income of men in Ontario ($26,894 compared to $42,719). The average employment income of Francophones is slightly higher than that of the general population for the age group 15-34 years. For the age group 35 years and over, the reverse is true. TOTAL INCOMEIn Ontario, the average total per capita income of Francophones is similar to that of the general population ($33,400 versus $33,405). The average total income of Francophone men is lower than that of men in the general population ($41,542 compared to $42,160). The average income of Francophone women is higher than that of Ontario women in the overall population ($25,773 compared to $24,683). However, the average total income of Francophone women represents 62% of the average income of Francophone men ($25,775 compared to $41,542). The gap between men and women is higher in the general population, where women's income only represents 58.5% of the total income of men ($24,683 compared to $42,160). The average total income of Francophones is highest in Central Ontario and lowest in Northeastern Ontario. The average total income of Francophones is higher than that of the general population in every region of the province. The difference between the two groups is the largest in Northwestern and Central Ontario ($33,353 compared to $29,657 and $38,389 compared to $34,299 respectively). In the other regions, it is relatively close to the average total income of the general population. The average total income of Francophones increased by 23.5% between 1995 and 2000, compared to 22.3% in the general population for the same period. FAMILY INCOMEFrancophones' average family income is lower than that of the general population ($70,033 compared to $73,849). The average family income of Francophone men is also lower than that of men in the general population ($73,001 compared to $78,742). Conversely, Francophone women have a higher family income than women in the general Ontario population ($62,767compared to $60,970). Francophones' average family income is highest in Central Ontario and lowest in Northeastern Ontario. It is lower than that of the general population in every region except Central and Northwestern Ontario. The average family income of Francophones increased by 13.2% between1995 and 2000 and by 15% in the general population. PRIMARY SOURCE OF INCOMEEmployment income is the main source of income for most Francophones and Ontarians (68.6% and 71.9%). Close to one Francophone in five derives his/ her income mainly from government transfers. This percentage is higher than for the general population (21.5% compared to 19.1%). This is true for both men and women. There is a significant gap between men and women. A higher percentage of Francophone women than men is dependent on government transfers (25.1% compared to17.6%). There is also an important gap between genders in the general population (23.4% compared to 14.8%). The average income from government transfers is significantly lower than that from any other major source of income. It represents less than 30% of the average employment income. LOW-INCOME CUT-OFFIn Ontario, the percentage of Francophones living below the low-income cut-off is comparable to that of the general population (14.1%compared to 14.4%). However, there are regional variations. The difference between the two groups is most noticeable in Southwestern Ontario (14%for Francophones compared to 12.2% for the general population). In Northeastern Ontario, the percentage of Francophones living below the low-income cut-off is higher than anywhere else in the province (15.2%). This is also true for the general population in this region (15.7%). The percentage of Francophone women living below the low-income cut-off is higher than that of Francophone men and this is true for every region. This is also true for the general population. DESIGNATED REGIONSMost Francophones (81.5%) live in the 24 areas designated under the French Language Services Act, whereas only 49.5% of the province's total population lives in these areas.2
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICSEASTERN ONTARIOEastern Ontario is home to over 40% of the province's Francophone population. Over one third of Francophones belonging to a racial minority live in the region. Although Francophones represent a smaller percentage of the region's total population than in Northeastern Ontario, retention of the Frenchlanguage is higher. Francophones in Eastern Ontario are also more likely to use French at work. The region's proximity to Quebec and access to a wider range of French media may partially explain this phenomenon. The level of education of Francophones in the region is relatively high — as is true of the general population. The average employment income and total income of Francophones are similar to those for the province as a whole. The unemployment rate of Francophones is lower than that of the general population in the region. It is also lower than in other regions of the province. As is true of the general population, a relatively large percentage of Francophones in the region works in sales and services (20.8% compared to 22.9%). However, proportionally speaking, there are more Francophones in business, finance, and administration (22.3% compared to 17.4%). CENTRAL ONTARIOMost Francophones (60%) who are members of a racial minority are concentrated in Central Ontario, where one in five Francophones is a member of a racial minority. Three out of five Francophones in Central Ontario were born outside the province and nearly one third are from Quebec. Francophones in Central Ontario are better off than the general population in that region. The percentage of Francophones with postsecondary education is higher than that of the general population. Nineteen per cent (19%) of Francophones in this region have an undergraduate degree. The unemployment rate in the region is lower for Francophones than for the general population and their labour force participation is also higher. Furthermore, the average employment income and the average total income of Francophones in the region are substantially higher than those of the general population. Given their higher level of education in Central Ontario, Francophones' average employment income and average total income are, not surprisingly, higher than in the other regions. SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIOFrancophones represent less than 3% of the total population of Southwestern Ontario, a region in which the Francophone population is aging. Close to one in four Francophones in the region is 65 or over, compared to 14% of the general population. Consequently the Francophone labour force participation rate is lower than elsewhere in Ontario. NORTHEASTERN ONTARIONortheastern Ontario has the highest concentration of Francophones: one person out of four is a Francophone. The percentage of Francophones born in Ontario is higher in this region than anywhere else in the province. More than six out of seven Francophones were born in Ontario. Francophones in Northeastern Ontario are socio-economically disadvantaged in comparison to Francophones in other regions, but this is also true for the region's general population. Francophones' level of education is lower in Northeastern Ontario than in the other regions. Only 7% of Francophones have an undergraduate degree. The level of education of the general population is lower in Northeastern Ontario than in the other regions as well. Francophones' average employment income and total income are lower than elsewhere in the province, and the percentage of Francophones living under the low-income cut-off is higher. The unemployment rate of the Francophone population is higher in Northeastern Ontario than elsewhere in the province. These observations are also true for the general population in the region. NORTHWESTERN ONTARIOLess than 2% of Ontario's Francophones live in Northwestern Ontario. A relatively large percentage of Francophones in this region are from Quebec (29%). As in Northeastern Ontario, Francophones have a lower level of education and a relatively high unemployment rate, as does the general population in this region. However, Francophones' average employment income and total income are substantially higher than in Northeastern Ontario. The income of Francophones in the region is also higher than that of the general population. A relatively large percentage of Francophones work in occupations related to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing (8%). Less than 3% of the general population in Northwestern Ontario works in these industrial sectors. GLOSSARY AND TECHNICAL INFORMATIONDEFINITIONSDefinitions have been taken from the 2001 Census Dictionary and Census Consultation Guide of Statistics Canada. BilingualismBilingualism refers to the knowledge of official languages, i.e. the ability to conduct a conversation in both official languages, French and English. Average IncomeThe average income refers to the mean income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2000. Average income is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals by the number of individuals with income in that group. Census Family (modified in 2002)A census family refers to a married couple (with or without children of either or both spouses), a couple living common-law (with or without children of either or both partners), or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. A couple living common-law may be of opposite or same sex. "Children" in a census family include grandchildren living with their grandparent(s) but with no parents present (Form 2B variable). Census Family IncomeThe total income of a census family is the sum of the total incomes of all members of the family 15 years of age and over during the calendar year 2000. The income includes wages and salaries, net farm income from selfemployment, net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice, government transfer payments, investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities and other money income (Form 2B variable). Designated AreasThe French Language Services Act guarantees each individual the right to receive provincial government services in French in 24 designated areas of Ontario. Designated areas are areas with 10% or more Francophones; urban centres with 5,000 or more Francophones; and areas previously designated by the Government of Ontario between 1978 and 1985. Employment IncomeEmployment income refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during the calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice and net farm self-employment income (Form 2B variable). Endogamous and Exogamous FamiliesEndogamous families are families where both spouses are Francophone. Exogamous families are families where only one spouse is Francophone. First Official Language SpokenFirst official language spoken refers to the variable specified within the framework of the implementation of the federal government's Official Languages Act, Canada. Knowledge of Official Languages, Mother Tongue and Home Language were used to derive the First Official Language Spoken variable. The Francophone racial minority population is estimated using the Racial Minority variable in combination with the French First Official Language Spoken variable. This variable yields a more adequate representation of the Francophone population from racial minorities than the mother tongue variable. Francophone PopulationFrancophones are defined by the mother tongue Census question: What was the language first learned at home in childhood and still understood? In this document, Francophones include persons with French as their mother tongue or as one of their mother tongues (French single and multiple responses). Data from the short form (Form or Profile 2A) may not match data from the long form (Form or Profile 2B). For its analysis of the Francophone population as a whole, the Office of Francophone Affairs used data from the short form that was administered to 100% of the Ontario population. Socio-economic data on the Francophone population were taken from Form 2B. Statistical data from the 2001 Census that are published in the media are usually based on data obtained from Form 2B. Francophone Racial Minority PopulationThe Francophone racial minority population is estimated using the Racial Minority variable in combination with the French First Official Language Spoken variable, rather than French Mother Tongue. French First Official Language Spoken variable is a derived variable from three questions on the Census: Mother Tongue, Home Language and Knowledge of Official Languages. French First Official Language Spoken variable yields results that are very comparable to those of the French Mother Tongue variable, where the Francophone population is concerned. However, it was found that when using it together with the Racial Minority variable, the First Official Language Spoken variable resulted in a more adequate representation of the Francophone racial minority population than the Mother Tongue variable alone. Home LanguageRefers to the language spoken most often or on a regular basis at home by the individual at the time of the Census. Statistics Canada is gathering data on languages spoken regularly at home since 2001 (Form 2B variable). ImmigrantAn immigrant is a person who is or who has been a landed immigrant in Canada. "Year of immigration" refers to the year during which the individual obtained landed immigrant status for the first time, i.e. a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities (Form 2B variable). Labour ForceLabour force refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day. Employed persons include those who did any work for pay or in selfemployment. Unemployed persons include those who had actively looked for work in the past four weeks, persons who were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job and persons who had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less. Language of WorkRefers to the language spoken most often or on a regular basis at work by the individual at the time of the Census. This is a new variable (Form 2B variable). Level of EducationLevel of education refers to the highest grade or year of elementary or secondary school completed, or the highest year of university or non-university completed. The completion of a degree, certificate or diploma is considered to be at a higher level than years completed or attended without obtaining a diploma. This is a variable on Form 2B that is compiled for individuals 15 years and over (Form 2B variable). Low-Income Cut-OffRespondents in private households whose income is less than or equal to the low-income cut-off. The low-income cut-off is based on the size of the household and the residential area. Major Field of StudyMajor field of study refers to the main discipline or area of learning or training of the person's highest postsecondary degree, certificate or diploma (Form 2B variable). Median IncomeMedian income refers to the level at which the income of half of the individuals is below and the income of half of the individuals is above. Mother TongueMother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the Census (Form 2A variable). In the 2B questionnaire, the mother tongue question was asked after the three other questions on language. OccupationOccupation refers to the type of work performed by the respondent during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the most important duties in their job. Data on the occupations are generated using the Occupational Classification Manual for Statistics 2001 (2001 NOC-S) and consist of10 main occupational categories. Participation RateThe rate of labour force participation is the percentage of the total active population, or the population that is employed or looking for work, compared to the population aged 15 and over (Form 2B variable). Primary Source of IncomePrimary source of income refers to the source of income representing the largest proportion of the respondent's total income in 2000: employment income (salary, wages, and income derived from self-employment); investment income (dividends, interest, and other investment income); government transfers (old age security pension, guaranteed income supplement, CPP benefits, employment insurance benefits, child tax benefits, and other income from public sources); other income (retirement pensions, annuities, and other pecuniary income). Racial MinorityAccording to the Federal Employment Equity Act (1986), racial (visible) minorities are persons (other than Aboriginal persons) who are non- Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. Since 1996, racial minority data are drawn from responses to a question on population groups. The following groups are included in the variable: Chinese, South Asian (e.g. East Indian, Pakistani, Punjabi, Sri Lankan), Black (e.g. African, Haitian, Jamaican, Somali), Arab/West Asian (e.g. Armenian, Egyptian, Iranian, Lebanese,Moroccan), Filipino, South East Asian (e.g. Cambodian, Indonesian, Laotian, Vietnamese), Latin American, Japanese, Korean and others (Form 2B variable). Racial Minority FrancophonesThe Francophone racial minority population is estimated using the Racial Minority variable in combination with the French First Official Language Spoken variable, rather than French Mother Tongue. French First Official Language Spoken variable is a variable derived from three questions on the Census: Mother Tongue, Home Language and Knowledge of Official Languages. French First Official Language Spoken variable yields results that are very comparable to those of the French Mother Tongue variable, where the Francophone population is concerned. However, it was found that when using it together with the Racial Minority variable, the First Official Language Spoken variable resulted in a more adequate representation of the Francophone racial minority population than the Mother Tongue variable alone. Total Per Capita IncomeTotal income refers to the total revenues received from the following sources during the calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years of age and over: total wages and salaries, net income from unincorporated non-farm business and/or professional practice, net farm self-employment income, government transfer payments (Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Canada Pension Plan and Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Federal Child Tax benefits, and other income from government sources), investment income (dividends, interest and other investment income), retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities and other money income (Form 2B variable). Unemployment RateThe unemployment rate refers to the unemployed labour force expressed as a percentage of the total labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (Form 2B variable). To request a free copy of this document, please contact:
Government of Ontario Tel.: 416 325-4949 or 1 800 268-7507 (toll free) Email: ofa@ontario.ca ISBN #: 0-7794-8685-4 (PDF) Copyright Agreement:Any reference made to this document must cite the Office of Francophone Affairs and Statistics Canada as the data source. This document or excerpts from this document can be copied, but are not to be sold. September 2005 |
       
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